AVR PROGRAMMING

AVR has four ports.

• Port A, Port B, Port C, Port D.
• AVR is a 8bit.
• Port pins can be access by.
  1. Bit instruction.
  2. Byte instruction.

Bit Instruction

• In bit instruction each port pins value assigned individually.
• Example: In port0 3rd pin should keep high and 4th pin should keep low it can be done in this way.
  1. P0_3=1; (High) // Port0 3rd pin
  2. P0_4=0; (Low) // Port0 4th pin

Byte Instruction

• In byte instruction we can access entire port pins.
• Example
• In port0 all pin should keep low.
  1. P0 = 0x00;
     0x0000|0000;
     0x 0 | 0 = 0x00.
  2. In port 0 MSB should keep high and LSB should keep low.
  3. P0=0xF0;
     0x1111|0000;
     0x F | 0 = 0xF0.

Binary Table

Byte Instruction

Accessing Pins

• AVR Digital I/O ports is associated with three (3) I/O register.
• They are.
  1. Data Direction Register (DDRx).
  2. Port X Input Pins Register (PINx).
  3. Port Register (PORTx).

Data Direction Register (DDRx)

• DDRx is an 8-bit register.
• It is used to set the pin as an input or output
  1. if DDRX is set to 1 it acts as an output pin,
  2. if DDRX is set to 0 it acts as an input pin,
  DDRA0=0
  Port A 0th pin act as input.

Port X Input Pins Register (PINx)

• PINx is an 8-bit register.
• It stores the logic value, the current state of the physical pins on Portx.
• To read the values on the pins of Portx.
• Must read the values that are in its PIN register.

Port Register (PORTx)

• PORTx is an 8-bit register.
• It stores the logic value, the current state of the Portx.